Uploading Files To MySQL Database

Uploading Files To MySQL Database:

Using PHP to upload files into MySQL database sometimes needed by some web application. For instance for storing pdf documents or images to make som kind of online briefcase (like Yahoo briefcase).

For the first step, let's make the table for the upload files. The table will consist of.

1. id : Unique id for each file
2. name : File name
3. type : File content type
4. size : File size
5. content : The file itself



For column content we'll use BLOB data type. BLOB is a binary large object that can hold a variable amount of data. MySQL have four BLOB data types, they are :

* TINYBLOB
* BLOB
* MEDIUMBLOB
* LONGBLOB

Since BLOB is limited to store up to 64 kilobytes of data we will use MEDIUMBLOB so we can store larger files ( up to 16 megabytes ).
CREATE TABLE upload (
id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
type VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
size INT NOT NULL,
content MEDIUMBLOB NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(id)
);

Uploading a file to MySQL is a two step process. First you need to upload the file to the server then read the file and insert it to MySQL.

For uploading a file we need a form for the user to enter the file name or browse their computer and select a file. The input type="file" is used for that purpose.



Example : upload.php
Source code : upload.phps

An upload form must have encytype="multipart/form-data" otherwise it won't work at all. Of course the form method also need to be set to method="post". Also remember to put a hidden input MAX_FILE_SIZE before the file input. It's to restrict the size of files.

After the form is submitted the we need to read the autoglobal $_FILES. In the example above the input name for the file is userfile so the content of $_FILES are like this :

$_FILES['userfile']['name']
The original name of the file on the client machine.

$_FILES['userfile']['type']
The mime type of the file, if the browser provided this information. An example would be "image/gif".

$_FILES['userfile']['size']
The size, in bytes, of the uploaded file.

$_FILES['userfile']['tmp_name']
The temporary filename of the file in which the uploaded file was stored on the server.

$_FILES['userfile']['error']
The error code associated with this file upload. ['error'] was added in PHP 4.2.0

Example : upload.php


if(isset($_POST['upload']) && $_FILES['userfile']['size'] > 0)
{
$fileName = $_FILES['userfile']['name'];
$tmpName = $_FILES['userfile']['tmp_name'];
$fileSize = $_FILES['userfile']['size'];
$fileType = $_FILES['userfile']['type'];

$fp = fopen($tmpName, 'r');
$content = fread($fp, filesize($tmpName));
$content = addslashes($content);
fclose($fp);

if(!get_magic_quotes_gpc())
{
$fileName = addslashes($fileName);
}

include 'library/config.php';
include 'library/opendb.php';

$query = "INSERT INTO upload (name, size, type, content ) ".
"VALUES ('$fileName', '$fileSize', '$fileType', '$content')";

mysql_query($query) or die('Error, query failed');
include 'library/closedb.php';

echo "
File $fileName uploaded
";
}
?>
Before you do anything with the uploaded file. You should not assume that the file was uploaded successfully to the server. Always check to see if the file was successfully uploaded by looking at the file size. If it's larger than zero byte then we can assume that the file is uploaded successfully.

PHP saves the uploaded file with a temporary name and save the name in $_FILES['userfile']['tmp_name']. Our next job is to read the content of this file and insert the content to database. Always make sure that you use addslashes() to escape the content. Using addslashes() to the file name is also recommended because you never know what the file name would be.

That's it now you can upload your files to MySQL. Now it's time to write the script to download those files.

Waikato Environment for Knowledge analysis (WEKA)

WEKA?:

Waka is a collection of machine learning algorithms for solving real-world data mining problems. It is written in Java and runs on almost every platform. You can access the WEKA class library from your own Java program, and implement new machine learning algorithms.

schemes in WEKA:

There are three major implemented schemes in WEKA--
(1) Implemented schemes for classification
(2) Implemented schemes for numeric prediction
(3) Implemented "meta-schemes"

WEKA also contains a large variety of tools that can be used for pre-processing datasets, so that you can focus on your algorithm without considering too much details as reading the data from files, implementing filtering algorithm and providing code to evaluate the results.

How to install and run WEKA on CS account?:

1) Log into your CS account.

2) Create a directory called weka using:

> mkdir weka

> cd weka

3) Create a symbolic link to our installed weka pack:

> ln -s /home/course/cs573x/weka-3-4/weka.jar

4) You are able to run weka now:

> java -jar weka.jar

*note: this will only work on Linux or Solaris workstations, as this will run GUI version of WEKA

5) Please make the following two links to enable you to access the source code of weka and some sample datasets.

> ln -s /home/course/cs573x/weka-3-4/weka

> ln -s /home/course/cs573x/weka-3-4/data

The following step is to set the CLASSPATH environment variable prior to use the command line. You need to indicate the location of the weka.jar file.

1) For sh, ksh and bash users:

Please add "export CLASSPATH=/home/course/cs573x/weka-3-4/weka.jar:$CLASSPATH" into your shell configuration profile.

2) For csh and tcsh users:

Please add "setenv CLASSPATH /home/course/cs573x/weka-3-4/weka.jar" into your shell configuration profile.

3) To test if it is set correctly:

Type "java weka.classifiers.trees.j48.J48 " (note the change from previous versions, in case you are familiar with any), it should display a list of all learning options for J48. If it displays an exception error message, then you will check if you set the environment variable correctly. Please make sure that you also set the correct path to Java, so that the system can locate and run Java.

Now, the installation is done! You can run WEKA either in command line or in graphic user interface. Remember only in Linux or a Solaris workstation can you run GUI, telnet won't work.

Software Engineering: Three-Tier or n-tier Architecture

Three-Tier Architecture:

In three-tier architecture (often referred to as n-tier architecture) is a client-server architecture in which the presentation and the application processing and the data management are logically separate processes.

Tier 1: the client contains the presentation logic, including simple control and user input validation. This application is also known as a thin client.


Tier 2: the middle tier is also known as the application server, which provides the business processes logic and the data access.


Tier 3: the data server provides the business data.



These are some of the advantages of a three-tier architecture:

It is easier to modify or replace any tier without affecting the other tiers.
Separating the application and database functionality means better load balancing.
Adequate security policies can be enforced within the server tiers without hindering the clients.

A three-tier architecture is a client-server architecture in which the functional process logic, data access, computer data storage and user interface are developed and maintained as independent modules on separate platforms. Three-tier architecture is a software design pattern and a well-established software architecture.

5 Benefits of a three-Tier Architecture

Here are 5 benefits of separating an application into tiers:

1.    It gives you the ability to update the technology stack of one tier, without impacting other areas of the application.

2.    It allows for different development teams to each work on their own areas of expertise. Today’s developers are more likely to have deep competency in one area, like coding the front end of an application, instead of working on the full stack.

3.    You are able to scale the application up and out. A separate back-end tier, for example, allows you to deploy to a variety of databases instead of being locked into one particular technology. It also allows you to scale up by adding multiple web servers.

4.    It adds reliability and more independence of the underlying servers or services.

5.    It provides an ease of maintenance of the code base, managing presentation code and business logic separately, so that a change to business logic, for example, does not impact the presentation layer.

Application Development using an N-Tier Architecture

Most companies understand the weaknesses of their aging legacy system but still have to deliver products and services, while they pay employees and perform other mission critical operations. In short, there is only so much to go around.

An N-Tier architecture has a presentation layer and two separate server layers - a business logic or application layer and a data layer.

The client becomes the presentation layer and handles the user interface. The application layer functions between the other two layers, sending the client's data requests to the data layer. The client is freed of application layer tasks, which eliminate the need for powerful client technology.

Why N-Tier is right for mission-critical systems.

In the N-Tier model, a departmental client could initiate some departmental business logic on the departmental application server(s) which, as part of a network transaction, could update the departmental database(s) and then initiate business logic on the enterprise application server(s).

These enterprise application server(s) could then update the enterprise database server(s). All of this takes place under the umbrella of a network transaction.

Any one of the chain of application server(s) could initiate a rollback which would be cascaded to all of the application server(s) involved. This capability allows a delegated approach to how business rules are implemented.

This business logic can access data in legacy mainframe operating systems such as CICS / VSAM, IDMS, and/or SQL compliant RDBMS servers such as Oracle, SYBASE, Interbase, DB2 etc, running on a variety of Wintel or UNIX platforms.

In addition, as the business processes are identified and appropriate business logic is implemented on the application server(s), these services could then be globally advertised.

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CISCO Router Configurat

Basic Cisco Router Config with BGP Uplink

Do you have your own /24 IP subnet and want to setup a BGP router? This article will gave a basic overview of the key components required. The syntax used is for an IOS 12.2 Cisco 6500 series, but is applicable to a 7600 series, a 7200 series, or even a 1800 or 2800 series router.

Assumptions:

1. The /24 subnet we are announcing is 200.50.75.0/24.
2. The IPv4 WAN Subnet from our upstream BGP provider is 128.64.12.128/30.
3. Upstream BGP peer’s AS is 1000, and our AS is 17500

So to begin, we assume our BGP uplink is delivered to us via a basic Cat5 handoff. This handoff has a static WAN subnet of 128.64.12.128/30 – our side of the WAN is 128.64.12.130 and the provider’s side of the WAN is 128.64.12.129. That also means our default GW is 128.64.12.129.

We connect this Cat5 uplink to FastEthernet7/1 on our 6500. Now we need to go into the 6500 series router, config the WAN link, then do all the BGP configs so we can start using our /24 subnet.

OSPF Concepts

The current version of OSPF that is used for IPv4 is version 2 that was defined in Request for Comments (RFC) 2328. OSPF offers many advantages over previous routing protocols (RIP) in that it is very flexible and scalable to a number of different environments including those that are very large. OSPF is a link state routing protocol; this means that each OSPF device is tasked with maintaining a complete ‘map' of the routes available throughout the network. The OSPF metric is based on the interface bandwidth.

Summary

While the configuration of OSPF can get complex, once some basic concepts are understood a basic configuration is not all that confusing to understand or complete. The configuration of OSPF in a large scale implementation can be a bit hard to follow when quickly looking over a configuration, but if the network engineer knows the base OSPF concepts and sits down with the configuration then they should be able to figure out the intention of the OSPF design.